A common vulnerability that can allow integrity and web defacement attacks is __________.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks to identify a common vulnerability that can enable integrity violations and web defacement. 
Option a: Remote File Inclusion (RFI). This vulnerability occurs when an application imports external files without proper validation, allowing an attacker to include malicious remote files. Such files can alter site logic or content, leading to integrity breaches and defacement, so this is a plausible and well-known risk. 
Option b: none of the above. This would be correct only if none of the listed options were real vulnerabilities. Since RFI and other listed issues are recognized vulnerabilities, this choice is incorrect because it contradicts established security knowledge. 
Option c: Eavesdropping on TLS ciphertexts. While eavesdropping is a security concern, TLS ciphertext leakage alone does not directly enable integrity violations or defacement in typical configurations; it primarily compromises confidentiality. Therefore this option does not accurately describe the integrity/defacement channel. 
Option d: XSS (Cross-Site Scripting). XSS can impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability by stealing tokens or injecting scripts; however, in the context of “a common vulnerability that can allow integrity and web defacement attacks,” RFI is a more direct route to altering content on the server side, whereas XSS typically targets client-side scripting. Thus XSS is less aligned with server-side integrity compromise described in the question. 
In summary, among the choices, Remote File Inclusion (RFI) best matches a vulnerability known to enable both integrity breaches and defacement via server-side file inclusion, while the others either do not directly enable such attacks or describe different security concerns.

FIT1093_S2_2025 Week 10 MCQ: Web Security

A common vulnerability that can allow integrity and web defacement attacks is __________.

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