The number of valence electrons in one carbonate ion (CO32-) is

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

We are asked to determine the total number of valence electrons in one carbonate ion, CO3^{2-}, and we are given multiple-choice options to choose from.

First, recall how to count valence electrons for a polyatomic ion:
- Count the valence electrons contributed by each atom in the neutral atoms.
- Add extra electrons equal to the negative charge of the ion (subtract if positive charge, but here the ion is -2, so we add 2 electrons).

Step-by-step assessment of each option:

Option 8: This is far too low. If you sum the valence electrons from C (4) and three O atoms (3 × 6 = 18), you get 4 + 18 = 22 electrons from neutral atoms. Adding none for charge would give 22, and since the ion is -2, you must add 2 more electrons, bringing the total to 24, not 8. Therefore 8 is incorrect.

Option 16: This is also too small. The base count from neutral atoms is 22, and with the -2 charge you add 2 more electrons to get 24. Missing those two electrons or miscounting the valence contributions leads to 16, which is not correct. So 16 is incorrect.

Option 18: While closer, 18 ignores some valence electrons from the atoms or the charge contribution. The correct neutral-atom sum is 22, and the -2 charge adds 2 more electrons, totaling 24. Hence 18 is incorrect.

Option 20: This value is again short of the actual total. It does not account for either the full valence-electron count of the atoms involved or the extra electrons from the 2− charge. The proper total is 24, so 20 is incorrect.

Option 22: This option is near the correct total but still misses the 2 electrons added by the -2 charge. The correct calculation yields 24, not 22, making 22 incorrect.

Option 24: This matches the correct total. Carbon contributes 4 valence electrons and three oxygens contribute 3 × 6 = 18, giving 22 from the neutral atoms. The carbonate ion carries a -2 charge, so we add 2 electrons, giving 22 + 2 = 24 total valence electrons. Therefore 24 is the correct count for CO3^{2-}.

Option None of these: This would be chosen only if none of the above matched the correct value. Since 24 is the correct total, this option is incorrect.

In summary, by counting the valence electrons from atomic constituents and adding electrons due to the negative charge, you arrive at 24 valence electrons for CO3^{2-}. The other options either omit electrons from the charge or miscount the atomic valence contributions, which is why they are incorrect.

The number of valence electrons in one carbonate ion (CO32-) is

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