How do you model the following situation with a class diagram:An order is placed with exactly one waiter, and a waiter can handle multiple orders

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: You need to model the situation where an Order is placed with exactly one Waiter, and a Waiter can handle multiple Orders, using a class diagram.

Option analysis (given the options are placeholders in the prompt, I will describe the correct modeling approach and then explain why the incorrect alternatives would be wrong in typical multiple-choice psychology):

- Correct conceptual approach: Represent a binary association between the classes Order and Waiter with multiplicities that reflect the scenario:
  - Each Order is linked to exactly one Waiter. This means the multiplicity at the Waiter end, from the Order perspective, is 1. In UML terms, Order --1-- Waiter, or more commonly, Order -> Waiter with Waiter having a 1 near the Order end.
  - A Waiter can handle multiple Orders. This means the multiplicity at the Order end, from the Waiter perspective, is * (or 0..* if you want to allow no orders yet). In UML terms, Waiter --*-- Order, or Waiter to Order with Order having * near the Order class.
  - In practice, the diagram would show: a line between Waiter and Order with multiplicities: on the Order side near the Waiter class it would be 1, and on the Waiter side near the Order class it would be * (or 0..*). The exact placement depends on which class you annotate first, but the semantics are the same: each Order has exactly one Waiter; each Waiter has zero or more Orders.

- Why other common interpretations are incorrect:
  - If you place 1..1 on the Order side (i.e., each Waiter has exactly one Order), that would reverse the requirement and imply a Waiter can handle only one Order, which contradicts the statement that a Waiter can handle multiple Orders.
  - If you put 0..* on the Order side with 0..* on the Waiter side, you’d imply that an Order might not be assigned to any Waiter or that a Waiter might not have any Orders, which is acceptable for a partial model but does not enforce the constraint that an Order must have exactly one Waiter. The requirement requires a mandatory association from Order to Waiter (multiplicity 1 on the Waiter end from Order).
  - Modeling as two separate 1:1 associations or as independent classes without an association would fail to capture the relationship between Order and Waiter completely, misrepresenting responsibilities and cardinalities.

- Practical notation tips:
  - The association line can be labeled with role names (e.g., Order has waiter: Waiter) to clarify directionality, but the essential constraint is the multiplicities.
  - If you want to be explicit about the mandatory nature, you can annotate the Order side with a solid dot ( • ) or simply rely on the 1 multiplicity to indicate exactly one Waiter per Order.

- Summary: The correct modeling is a binary association between Waiter and Order with multiplicities Waiter side: * (zero or more Orders) and Order side: 1 (exactly one Waiter). This aligns with the statement: an Order is placed with exactly one Waiter, and a Waiter can handle multiple Orders.

Note: If the exam requires choosing among provided visuals, pick the diagram that shows a single association line between Waiter and Order with multiplicities 1 near the Order end and * near the Waiter end (or 0..* near the Order class depending on notation), rather than options that depict 1..1 or no association at all.

FIT2001_S2_2025 Applied Quiz Practice for Exam (Weeks 2-12) - Questions are by topics

How do you model the following situation with a class diagram:An order is placed with exactly one waiter, and a waiter can handle multiple orders

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