Which of the following is NOT a tragedy of the commons?以下哪一项不是公地悲剧？

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle the question, we need to examine what constitutes the tragedy of the commons: overuse or depletion of a shared, common-resource pool due to individual incentives.
Option a: A farmer overgrazing their own land leading to soil erosion. This involves a private parcel of land, not a shared, publicly accessible resource. Since the resource is not common property, the classic tragedy of the commons dynamics do not apply here; the farmer bears the consequences and can, in principle, manage it privately without creating a communal problem.
Option b: A community overfishing a local lake. Here, the resource is shared among community members, and individual fishing can exceed sustainable yields, leading to depletion of the fish stock. This is a textbook example of the tragedy of the commons, where collective action failure harms everyone who depends on the resource.
Option c: Hunting an animal to extinction within a national park. A national park often represents a shared/public resource for biodiversity and ecological health. If individuals hunt to extinction, the overexploitation of a common resource occurs, fitting the tragedy of the commons pattern as present-day users deplete a resource relied upon by the broader public and future generations.
Option d: Using water from a community aquifer at a faster rate than it can be recharged. Groundwater in a shared aquifer is a classic common-resource scenario. Excessive withdrawal reduces availability for others and can cause long-term depletion, aligning with the tragedy of the commons framework.
In summary, option a describes private land use rather than a shared resource being overused, making it the NOT tragedy-of-the-commons scenario; options b, c, and d illustrate typical shared-resource overuse problems.

Which of the following is NOT a tragedy of the commons?以下哪一项不是公地悲剧？

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