Which aspect of the transport layer ensures session establishment?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle the question, we first consider what 'session establishment' means at the transport layer and which protocol features are responsible for negotiating and initiating a connection.
Option a: 'a. TCP 3-way handshake' — This is the classic mechanism that establishes a reliable connection between two endpoints in TCP. The three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) synchronizes Sequence Numbers and sets up the session state, making this a proper answer for session establishment.
Option b: 'b. UDP ACK flag' — UDP is a connectionless protocol and does not perform any handshake or connection establishment. It does not define an ACK flag, so this option misrepresents UDP’s stateless nature and cannot be the method by which a session is established.
Option c: 'c. UDP sequence number' — UDP does not provide sequencing or reliability features like a sequence number field for the purpose of establishing a session. Without a handshake and state, there is no session to sequence, so this is incorrect.
Option d: 'd. TCP port number' — While TCP port numbers identify the endpoints and are involved in the connection setup process, they are not themselves a mechanism for establishing a session. Port numbers are part of addressing and multiplexing, not the handshake that creates the session state.
In summary, the only option that describes a built-in mechanism for initiating and establishing a transport-layer session is the TCP 3-way handshake, whereas the other options either refer to features not used for session establishment (UDP-related concepts) or describe addressing elements rather than the establishment process.

Introduction to Networking (032025-TGK)

Which aspect of the transport layer ensures session establishment?

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