Which of the following orderings is from fastest to slowest?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of the following orderings is from fastest to slowest?

Option A: Interprocess on remote host, Interprocess on same host, System Call, User space procedure.
- This sequence starts with the slowest-type operation (remote IPC) and ends with the fastest (user space). It reverses the logical progression for typical speed rankings, making it incorrect.

Option B: Interprocess on same host, Interprocess on remote host, System Call, User space procedure.
- Here, interprocess on the same host is placed before interprocess on a remote host, which is sensible, but placing System Call ahead of User space procedure contradicts the known overhead order: a system call introduces a kernel transition and is generally slower than purely user-space execution. Therefore, this ordering misplaces the relative costs of system calls and user-space code.

Option C: System Call, User space procedure, Interprocess on same host, Interprocess on remote host.
- This arrangement puts a System Call as fastest and User space as slower, which contradicts how inexpensive user-space execution is compared with a kernel transition. In typical CPU/kernel-overhead comparisons, user-space procedures run without mode switches, making them faster than system calls. Hence this option is false.

Option D: User space procedure, System Call, Interprocess on remote host, Interprocess on same host.
- Although it begins with the correct fastest operation (user-space procedure), it then places a remote-host IPC ahead of same-host IPC. IPC across a remote host is usually slower than IPC on the same host due to network latency and protocol overhead, so this ordering incorrectly ranks remote IPC as faster than same-host IPC. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Option E: User space procedure, System Call, Interprocess on same host, Interprocess on remote host.
- This option follows the intuitive speed hierarchy: user-space execution is fastest because there is no transition into the kernel; a system call is the next fastest due to the kernel transition but lower overhead than IPC; interprocess communication on the same host typically involves context switches and data handling but remains faster than networked remote IPC; finally, interprocess communication across a remote host incurs network latency and higher protocol overhead, making it the slowest. This ordering aligns with common performance characteristics of these operation types, making this the correct arrangement among the provided choices.

Summary of why the other options are incorrect:
- A places remote IPC as fastest and user-space as slowest, which contradicts known overheads.
- B incorrectly ranks system calls above user-space execution, underestimating the cost of a kernel transition.
- C incorrectly makes a system call faster than user-space code, which is inconsistent with the usual cost model.
- D overestimates the speed of remote IPC by placing it ahead of same-host IPC.

Overall, the most consistent fastest-to-slowest ordering given typical system costs is: User space procedure, System Call, Interprocess on same host, Interprocess on remote host.

COMP90015_2025_SM1 Operating System Support

Which of the following orderings is from fastest to slowest?

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