Agreed by the international community in 2015 with a clear focus on reducing inequalities within and among countries around the world through universal and comprehensive policies, which pay attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalised populations. A commitment for full implementation was set by the year 2030

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The question points to an international framework adopted in 2015 with a target to be fully implemented by 2030, aimed at reducing inequalities within and among countries and focusing on disadvantaged populations. 
Option 1: 'Declaration of Alma-Ata' dates back to 1978 and promoted primary health care as a key to achieving Health for All, but it is not the 2015–2030 framework, and it doesn’t specify the 2030 target period. 
Option 2: 'Sustainable Development Goals' were adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and explicitly aim to reduce inequalities and cover universal policies addressing needs of marginalized groups, with a 2030 implementation horizon. This aligns with the year 2015 initiation and 2030 end date described. 
Option 3: 'The Declaration of Astana' (2018) reaffirmed the commitments of PHC originally set in Alma-Ata and emphasized primary health care, but it is a follow-up declaration, not the 2015 package that spans to 2030. 
Option 4: 'Millennium Development Goals' ran from 2000 to 2015 and preceded the 2030 goals; while they targeted poverty and health, they do not match the 2015–2030 universal policy framework described in the prompt. 
Option 5: 'The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation' is a philanthropic organization, not an international development policy framework, so it cannot be the answer to a description of a global policy program with a 2030 target. 
In summary, the description most closely matches the Sustainable Development Goals because they fit the 2015 adoption date, universal and comprehensive policy focus, emphasis on disadvantaged populations, and a 2030 completion horizon.

GLBH181_WI25_A00 Midterm Exam W 2025

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