The
[ Select ]
biological species concept
phylogenetic species concept
is based on the principle that a species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Additionally, the gene pools of different species remain distinct.

The
[ Select ]
biological species concept
phylogenetic species concept
defines the term species as groups of populations that evolve independently of other groups of populations.

Question

The 
[ Select ]
biological species concept
phylogenetic species concept
 is based on the principle that a species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Additionally, the gene pools of different species remain distinct.

The 
[ Select ]
biological species concept
phylogenetic species concept
 defines the term species as groups of populations that evolve independently of other groups of populations.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question presents two blank insertions that pair each definition with the correct species concept.

For the first blank: 'the [Select] biological species concept [Select] is based on the principle that a species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Additionally, the gene pools of different species remain distinct.' This description aligns with the Biological Species Concept, which defines species based on reproductive compatibility and the maintenance of distinct gene pools across species due to reproductive isolation barriers. The emphasis on interbreeding and gene pool separation distinguishes this concept from others that are based on similarity, lineage, or ecological roles, making it the appropriate fit here.

For the second blank: 'The [Select] biological species concept [Select] defines the term species as groups of populations that evolve independently of other groups of populations.' This formulation corresponds to the Phylogenetic Species Concept, which defines a species as the smallest diagnosable lineage with a unique evolutionary history and independent divergence from other lineages. It focuses on evolutionary independence and shared ancestry to delineate species boundaries, rather than solely on reproductive isolation.

To further clarify, consider how each concept handles boundaries: the Biological Species Concept centers on the ability to produce fertile offspring and gene flow within a species, but typically cannot be applied to asexual organisms or fossil species. In contrast, the Phylogenetic Species Concept uses patterns of ancestry and descent, often employing reconstructible phylogenies, to identify lineages that are evolutionarily independent, which can include organisms where interbreeding is not a viable criterion.

If one were to compare with alternative ideas (even though not provided here), other species concepts might define boundaries by morphological similarity (morphological species concept) or ecological roles (ecological species concept), which would shift the description away from reproductive compatibility or shared ancestry to traits or ecological niches. However, the statements in the prompt explicitly match the Biological Species Concept for the first blank and the Phylogenetic Species Concept for the second blank, respectively.

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