Soils may form ________.

(2 answers are correct)

Question

Soils may form ________.

(2 answers are correct)

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Soils may form ________.

Options to evaluate: 
- under water
- in unconsolidated sediment
- in residual bedrock
- on surface of the moon
- deep beneath the surface of the earth

Option 1: under water. Soil formation can occur underwater in aquatic environments, producing soils such as hydric soils in wetlands or marine/estuarine sediments that have developed over time. This statement is therefore plausible and true in appropriate contexts.

Option 2: in unconsolidated sediment. Soils form from the weathering of existing material, and unconsolidated sediments provide the loose material that can weather and develop into soil horizons. This is a standard and correct context for soil formation.

Option 3: in residual bedrock. The term residual soil refers to soil that forms in place from the in-situ weathering of underlying bedrock, but the phrase "in residual bedrock" suggests soil forming inside solid bedrock itself rather than atop or after weathering of that rock. Since soils develop above or from the weathered material rather than inside intact bedrock, this option is technically misleading and considered incorrect.

Option 4: on surface of the moon. Lunar material is often referred to as regolith and is formed mainly by impact processes rather than terrestrial weathering in soil science terms. In the context of conventional soil formation on Earth, this option is not appropriate, so it is incorrect.

Option 5: deep beneath the surface of the earth. Soil formation requires conditions at or near the surface where weathering, organic activity, and horizon development occur. Deep underground, these processes do not occur in the same way, so this option is incorrect.

Summary of reasoning across options: The statements that align with standard soil formation contexts are those describing formation under water and in unconsolidated sediment, reflecting how soils can develop in aquatic or unconsolidated depositional environments. The remaining options describe scenarios that do not align with typical soil formation processes (forming inside intact bedrock, on the Moon, or deep underground) and are thus not correct.

ESS 101 A Examination 2 (Friday December 5th 7:00 - 8:30 PM PST)

Soils may form ________. (2 answers are correct)

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