Perceiving yourself as a fast runner because you are faster than a small child is a (biased) example of a(n) _____________, whereas perceiving yourself as a slow runner because you are slower than Usain Bolt is a (biased) example of a(n) ________________.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this question we’re evaluating two biased perceptual comparisons.
Option 1: 'c. Upward counterfactual; downward counterfactual' would describe thinking about how things could be better (upward counterfactual) or worse (downward counterfactual) in terms of hypothetical alternatives, but not in terms of comparing oneself to other people’s performance. This does not fit the scenarios described, which involve social comparisons rather than imagined alternate realities.
Option 2: 'd. Downward counterfactual; upward counterfactual' similarly centers on imagined differences in outcomes rather than actual comparisons with others’ abilities. It mislabels the self-comparison process as counterfactual thinking, which is about what could have happened, not about relative standing to others.
Option 3: 'a. Upward social comparison; downward social comparison' starts correctly with a social comparison concept for being faster than a small child (downward social comparison), but this option reverses the order for the second part: the second scenario involves perceiving oneself as slower than Usain Bolt, which is an upward social comparison. The phrasing here incorrectly assigns the first scenario to upward and the second to downward, making it incorrect overall.
Option 4: 'Downward social comparison, upward social comparison' accurately captures the two scenarios: comparing oneself to someone slower (a small child) is a downward social comparison, and comparing oneself to someone faster (Usain Bolt) is an upward social comparison. This aligns with the definitions of social comparison directions.
Thus, the last option correctly maps each biased perception to its corresponding social comparison direction, while the other choices either misuse counterfactual terminology or mislabel the directions of the social comparisons.

PSYCH 3325 AU2025 (37320) Exam 2 Practice Exam

Perceiving yourself as a fast runner because you are faster than a small child is a (biased) example of a(n) _, whereas perceiving yourself as a slow runner because you are slower than Usain Bolt is a (biased) example of a(n) ____.

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