Michel’s “Situational Strength” hypothesis suggested that

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

We start by restating the question and the answer choices to anchor the analysis.
Question: Michel’s “Situational Strength” hypothesis suggested that
Options:
A. Personality should predict behaviour more powerfully when there are clear expectations for behaviour.
B. Personality should predict behaviour more powerfully when there are unclear expectations for behaviour.
C. Personality should predict behaviour more powerfully when there are few incentives contingent on behaviour.
D. Both B and C are true.

Now we examine each option in turn.

Option A: The claim is that personality predicts behaviour more in the presence of clear expectations. However, according to the Situational Strength framework, strong situations (which have clear, strong expectations) tend to suppress stable individual differences because people conform to the norm of the situation. In such contexts, personality explains less variance in behavior, not more. Therefore, this statement is inconsistent with the core idea of situational strength and is incorrect.

Option B: The statement asserts that personality should predict behaviour more when expectations are unclear. This aligns with the notion that weak or ambiguous situations leave more room for individual differences to manifest, allowing personality traits to influence actions more strongly. This is a correct reflection of the hypothesized effect.

Option C: The statement claims that personality should predict behaviour more when there are few incentives contingent on behaviour. Fewer external incentives reduce external regulatory pressure, letting internal dispositions (personality traits) play a larger role in guiding behavior. This also matches the logic of situational strength and is thus correct.

Option D: This option says that both B and C are true. Since both B and C individually express plausible implications of the Situational Strength hypothesis, combining them into one statement accurately captures the shared idea that weaker situations and fewer contingencies increase the observed influence of personality on behavior. Consequently, this combined statement coherently follows from the theory.

In summary, A misstates the theory by emphasizing clear expectations, which leads to reduced predictive power of personality; B and C each correctly describe conditions under which personality would predict behavior more strongly; D correctly aggregates those conditions, reflecting the comprehensive implication of Michel’s Situational Strength hypothesis. The reasoning shows why B and C are individually valid and why D encapsulates the correct combined claim.

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Michel’s “Situational Strength” hypothesis suggested that

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