A large healthcare system wants to automatically generate patient education summaries based on long clinical notes. They have millions of unlabeled documents, but no “correct summaries” to train on — so they choose a model that can learn language patterns by predicting the next word and then generate new text.

What type of learning approach are they using?

Question

A large healthcare system wants to automatically generate patient education summaries based on long clinical notes. They have millions of unlabeled documents, but no “correct summaries” to train on — so they choose a model that can learn language patterns by predicting the next word and then generate new text.

What type of learning approach are they using?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario describes generating patient education summaries from long clinical notes when there are millions of unlabeled documents, and the model learns language patterns by predicting the next word to generate new text. This setup points to a specific learning paradigm in machine learning.
Option 1: Supervised Learning. In supervised learning, the model learns from input-output pairs with explicit labels (e.g., input features paired with target summaries). Here there are no labeled summaries to train on, so this option does not fit the described method.
Option 2: Self-Supervised Learning. This approach uses the data itself to create learning signals, such as predicting the next word or missing pieces, without requiring human-provided labels. The description matches next-word prediction on unlabeled clinical notes, which is a classic self-supervised objective in language modeling.
Option 3: Unsupervised Learning. While related, unsupervised learning typically involves discovering structure or representations without any predictive target (e.g., clustering or dimensionality reduction). Predicting the next word is a predictive task, not just unsupervised structure discovery, so this option is incomplete or misleading for this specific context.
Option 4: Reinforcement Learning. Reinforcement learning relies on interactions with an environment to maximize cumulative rewards, which is not described here. The task is language modeling from text data, not learning via trial-and-error with rewards.

IS 4487-006 Fall 2025 Final Exam December 10 from 10:30 to 12:30

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