Which if the following is true, based on the results of Reis (1986)

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We start by listing the question and the available answer options to analyze them clearly.
Question: Which if the following is true, based on the results of Reis (1986)
Options:
A. Women self-disclose less than men.
B. Women self-disclose more than men.
C. Men self-disclose less to other men than to other women.
D. Both B and C are correct.

Option A: 'Women self-disclose less than men.' This statement asserts a gender-based difference in self-disclosure favoring men. If Reis (1986) reported that women disclose more, then A would be incorrect. If Reis found no gender difference or the opposite pattern, A would also be incorrect. The key issue is whether the reference data support women disclosing less, which would contradict any finding that women disclose more.

Option B: 'Women self-disclose more than men.' This asserts a higher level of self-disclosure among women compared to men. If Reis (1986) indeed observed that women disclose more, this option would be accurate. The correctness hinges on whether the study found a gender difference in favor of women and not the reverse or no difference.

Option C: 'Men self-disclose less to other men than to other women.' This claims a difference in how men disclose based on the gender of the confidant, suggesting men disclose less to male peers than to female peers. If Reis reported a pattern where men disclose less to men than to women, then C would be supported. It implies a relationship-context effect rather than a simple gender comparison.

Option D: 'Both B and C are correct.' This option requires that both B and C are true independently. If Reis (1986) found that women disclose more than men (supporting B) and also found that men disclose less to other men than to other women (supporting C), then D would be the statement that accurately combines the two observed patterns.

Now, evaluating each option in light of the typical findings attributed to Reis (1986):
- A is contradicted by findings that women disclose more than men or no large gender gap, so A is unlikely to be correct.
- B aligns with a common interpretation that women engage in higher self-disclosure than men in interpersonal contexts, making B plausible if Reis reported such a difference.
- C reflects a specific relational-context pattern (disclosing to men vs. women). If Reis observed that men disclose less to other men than to women, this would support C.
- D is only correct if both B and C are independently true according to Reis (1986).

In summary, the reasoning hinges on whether Reis (1986) documented both a general higher self-disclosure level for women (B) and a gender-based disclosure pattern within male-male versus male-female dyads (C). If both of these findings were reported, then option D correctly synthesizes them. Otherwise, if one of B or C is not supported, D would be incorrect and the correct choice would be whichever of B or C is supported, or none if neither is.

PSYC20009_2025_SM2 Supplementary or Special Exam: Personality and Social Psychology (PSYC20009_2025_SM2)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Which if the following is true, based on the results of Reis (1986)

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