Which is the correct order the of steps of germination from dry seed?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering the germination process, it's essential to follow the biological sequence: starting from a dry seed, the first major event is imbibition (water uptake), which rehydrates and activates metabolism. This is followed by emergence of the radicle (root) from the seed, then the shoot emerges, and finally the first true leaf develops. With that framework in mind, let's evaluate the options one by one.

Option 1: Imbibition > Shoot emerges from seed > First true leaf emerges > Root emerges from seed. This sequence places the shoot emergence before the root, which contradicts the typical germination order where the radicle (root) appears before the shoot system. Since roots generally establish first to secure water and nutrients, this option is incorrect.

Option 2: Imbibition > Shoot emerges from seed > Root emerges from seed > First true leaf emerges. Here the shoot emerges before the root, which is biologically unlikely during germination. The root typically appears prior to any shoot activities to anchor the seed and absorb water and minerals. This makes option 2 incorrect.

Option 3: Dry seed > Imbibition > Root emerges from seed > Shoot emerges from seed . First true leaf emerges. This option starts with the correct initial state (dry seed), then correctly identifies imbibition as the first critical event. After imbibition, the radicle (root) emerges before the shoot, which then leads to the development of the first true leaf. This aligns with standard germination biology, so option 3 is consistent with the expected order.

Option 4: Imbibition > Root emerges from seed > Shoot emerges from seed > First true leaf emerges. This sequence starts with imbibition, then root emergence, but it omits the initial dry seed condition and moves through to shoot and leaf development in a way that mirrors some descriptions yet fails to explicitly include the dry seed stage and may blur the precise timing of first leaf appearance relative to shoot emergence. As a standalone sequence, it is less precise than option 3.

Option 5: Imbibition > Root emerges from seed > First true leaf emerges > Shoot emerges from seed. This places the first true leaf before the shoot emerges, which contradicts the developmental order: the shoot (and plant organ systems) typically precede the appearance of a true leaf, not precede it. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

In summary, the option that most accurately reflects the canonical germination sequence—starting from a dry seed, moving through imbibition, then root emergence, followed by shoot emergence and finally the first true leaf—is option 3.

AGRI20037_2025_SM2 2. Planting to Emergence Review

Which is the correct order the of steps of germination from dry seed?

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