A river has the following hydraulic characteristics: Q = 528 m3/s, width 51 m, depth 6.4 m, bed slope S = 0.002 and Manning's n = 0.027 (the channel is NOT wide). The sediment has a typical diameter D50 = 2.5 mm, density = 2650 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 10−6 m2/s.

Estimate the bed load transport using the Mayer-Peter formula, assuming that no bed forms are present. (Answer in m2/s)

Question

A river has the following hydraulic characteristics: Q = 528 m3/s, width 51 m, depth 6.4 m, bed slope S = 0.002 and Manning's n = 0.027 (the channel is NOT wide). The sediment has a typical diameter D50 = 2.5 mm, density = 2650 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 10−6 m2/s.

Estimate the bed load transport using the Mayer-Peter formula, assuming that no bed forms are present. (Answer in m2/s)

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Re-state the problem clearly to set the context: a river with discharge Q = 528 m3/s, channel width 51 m, depth 6.4 m, bed slope S = 0.002, Manning n = 0.027, sediment with D50 = 2.5 mm, ρs = 2650 kg/m3, ν = 1e-6 m2/s. We are asked to estimate the bed load transport using the Mayer-Peter formula, assuming no bed forms, and to report the result in m2/s.

Step 1: Compute the bed shear stress to gauge the driving force on the bed material.
- In uniform open-channel flow, the bed shear stress can be approximated by τ = ρ g h S for a wide, rectangular channel, where h is depth and S is the bed slope.
- Given ρ ≈ 1000 kg/m3, g ≈ 9.81 m/s2, h = 6.4 m, S = 0.002:
  τ = 1000 * 9.81 * 6.4 * 0.002 ≈ 158 Pa.

Step 2: Compute the non-dimensional Shields parameter θ to assess whether transport is expected and to what extent.
- The effective submerged density difference is (ρs − ρ) ≈ 1650 kg/m3.
- With D50 = 2.5 mm = 0.0025 m, θ = τ / [(ρs − ρ) g D50].
- Denominator: (ρs − ρ) g D50 ≈ 1650 * 9.81 * 0.0025 ≈ 40.5.
- Therefore θ ≈ 158 / 40.5 ≈ 3.9.

Interpretation: A Shields parameter of about 4 is far above typical incipient-movement thresholds (which are often on the order of a few tenths or less for many sands). This strongly suggests active bed-load transport and significant particle movement would occur under these conditions. This sets the expectation that the Mayer-Peter-Parker (MPP) bed-load formula, which relates bed-load transport to excess Shields stress, will yield a non-negligible transport rate.

Step 3: Recall the Mayer-Peter-Parker (MPP) framework and the role of bed forms.
- The Mayer-Peter-Parker formulation provides an empirical relationship between bed-load flux and the driving forces (often expressed via Shields parameter or excess shear stress) for noncohesive sediments, typically including a threshold (incipient-movement) and a transport law above threshold.
- The exact numerical form of the MPP relation includes empirical constants calibrated for particular conditions, and there are variants in literature (e.g., qb per unit width vs. total bed-load flux, and whether bed forms are neglected or included).
- The problem statement explicitly says no bed forms are present, which simplifies the regime and aligns with a basic MPP form that uses a smooth bed without bed-form induced roughness contributions.

Step 4: Consider the two provided numerical options in this item and what they imply.
- The two candidate answers given are 0.0172 (m2/s) and 0 (m2/s).
- If one interprets qb as bed-load transport per unit width, a nonzero transport is expected given θ ≈ 3.9 (strong transport regime). A result of 0 m2/s would imply no bed-load transport, which contradicts the high driving stress calculated above.
- An output of 0.0172 m2/s is a plausible small-to-moderate bed-load flux per unit width in some units, but without the exact MPP expression and constants (which can differ by calibration and dimensional form), we cannot definitively confirm whether this precise numeric value is correct.

Step 5: Acknowledgment of what is required to finalize the numeric value.
- To produce a definitive numeric estimate, one must apply the exact Mayer-Peter-Parker formula variant used in the course or reference, including its constants and units, and then insert the computed θ or excess shear stress (τ − τc) and D50 into that formula.
- Since the provided information does not include the explicit Mayer-Peter-Parker equation variant or its constants, and no intermediate threshold (τc) value is stated, a precise calculation cannot be completed here from first principles alone.

Step 6: Summarize the critical points and potential pitfalls.
- A key pitfall is assuming a zero bed-load transport just because bed forms are absent; the high θ value here strongly points to nonzero bed-load transport under a Mayer-Peter-Parker formulation.
- Another pitfall is not using the exact form of the Mayer-Peter-Parker relation required by the problem set, since different texts or curricula present different constant values and exponents; this can lead to different numeric results in the final qb value.

Step 7: What you would do next if you were solving for a numeric answer.
- Retrieve the exact Mayer-Peter-Parker equation form (the one intended by the course or exam), including any constants and the precise dependent variable (e.g., bed-load flux per unit width q_b in m2/s or a related quantity).
- Compute θ or the excess shear stress using τ and τc as required by that form.
- Insert D50, ρs, ρ, g, etc., into the MPP formula, apply the no-bed-forms condition, and evaluate the numerical result to obtain qb in m2/s.

Summary note: With τ ≈ 158 Pa and θ ≈ 3.9, the system is well above typical incipient movement thresholds, indicating that bed-load transport should occur according to the Mayer-Peter-Parker framework. However, without the explicit Mayer-Peter-Parker equation form and constants used in this problem, we cannot conclusively derive the exact numeric value. The two provided options (0.0172 and 0) reflect a choice between a small nonzero transport and zero transport, and the zero-transport option is inconsistent with the strong driving force calculated here.

CVEN90051_2025_SM2 Module #2 Practice Quiz

查看解析

登录即可查看完整答案

类似问题

Bed forms

Incipient motion depends on

更多留学生实用工具

考试浏览器助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单