Which of the following ranking is correct in science:

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Question: Which of the following ranking is correct in science:

Option a: 'Law, theory, hypothesis' - This sequence is commonly used in science to describe levels of explanation, where a hypothesis is a testable statement, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation, and a law describes consistent relationships under specific conditions. The ordering here places hypothesis as a starting point, leading to theory, and then law as the broader, overarching framework. This is consistent with how scientific knowledge is organized in many curricula, though some sources emphasize that laws describe phenomena while theories explain them. Overall, this option captures the typical progression from tentative to well-supported ideas.

Option b: 'Law, hypothesis, theory' - This order starts with a law, which in science is a concise statement about a fundamental relation that holds under certain conditions. Hypotheses are proposed explanations that scientists test, and theories are broader explanatory frameworks. Placing hypothesis and theory after law misrepresents the typical developmental sequence, since laws are generally derived from repeated observations and may not be the starting point for generating hypotheses and theories. This arrangement can be misleading about how science builds knowledge.

Option c: 'Hypothesis, law, theory' - A hypothesis is a testable guess that can be tested; a law is a description of observed regularities; a theory is a comprehensive explanation. In practice, a hypothesis can lead to experiments that support or refute a theory, while laws are often derived from empirical regularities. But placing law after hypothesis and before theory may imply that laws come after hypotheses and before theories, which is inconsistent with the typical hierarchical ranking where theories and laws represent well-established knowledge, not merely intermediate steps.

Option d: 'Theory, law, hypothesis' - This suggests that theory is the most basic or most general, followed by law and then hypothesis. In scientific usage, theories are sophisticated explanations, laws are concise descriptions of patterns, and hypotheses are testable propositions. This order incorrectly implies that a theory is more foundational than a law, which is not universally upheld; in many cases, laws describe empirical relationships that theories attempt to explain. This makes the sequence counterintuitive to standard scientific pedagogy.

Summary of reasoning across options: The question tests understanding of the typical maturation of scientific ideas and the conventional way students encounter these terms. While some educational frameworks treat theories as broader than laws or use different emphasis, the most widely accepted order that aligns with standard teaching is to view hypotheses as starting points that lead to theories, with laws describing observed regularities that theories may attempt to explain. Therefore, option a is the most consistent with common scientific ordering, whereas options b, c, and d reorder or misplace the relationships among hypothesis, theory, and law, leading to conceptual misunderstandings.

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Which of the following ranking is correct in science:

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