Question at position 31 Chemical X, which is used in the manufacturing of plastics, is found to double the frequency of asthma when inhaled for more than 2 hours a day at levels of more than 2 parts per million. This is an example of which of the following approaches to environmental problems?Public health assessmentInteraction analysisEcological assessmentRisk assessment

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The question presents a scenario where a chemical (X) used in plastics manufacturing is inhaled for more than 2 hours daily at levels exceeding 2 parts per million, and this exposure is associated with a doubling of asthma frequency. This framing centers on evaluating health risks associated with a specific chemical exposure.
Option 1: Public health assessment. This type typically involves collecting and synthesizing data to describe a health problem at a population level and may inform policy, but it does not by itself focus on quantifying risk or linking exposure levels to specific health outcomes in a risk characterization sense.
Option 2: Interaction analysis. This term would imply examining interactions between factors (such as combined effects of multiple exposures or variables). The scenario does not discuss interactions between multiple factors, so this is not the best fit.
Option 3: Ecological assessment. Ecological assessment is concerned with environmental effects on ecosystems, habitats, or ecological processes, rather than quantifying risks to human health from chemical exposure. The example centers on human health outcomes, not ecological impact.
Option 4: Risk assessment. Risk assessment involves estimating the likelihood and severity of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to a hazard, using data on exposure levels, duration, and observed health outcomes. The described doubling of asthma frequency at specific exposure levels directly aligns with evaluating health risk from a chemical exposure.
In summary, the scenario fits the framework of risk assessment because it links a defined exposure to a quantifiable health outcome and uses that relationship to characterize potential health risk.

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