During heavy breathing, expiration through the lungs is _____. During normal breathing expiration is _____.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: The prompt asks to fill in the blanks for expiration during heavy breathing and expiration during normal breathing.
Option list to consider: 
- Passive; passive
- Active; passive
- Passive; active
- Active; active
Step-by-step analysis:
Option 1: Passive; passive. If expiration were passive in both heavy and normal breathing, that would imply no active muscular effort is needed during heavy breathing. In physiology, heavy or forced breathing requires active expiration (using abdominal muscles and internal intercostals) to actively push air out. Therefore this option contradicts known mechanism for heavy breathing and is unlikely correct for the first blank, while normal breathing can be passive, so the second part could be plausible but the first part makes this option incorrect.
Option 2: Active; passive. This matches the standard distinction: during quiet (normal) breathing, expiration is typically a passive process driven by elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall. During heavy (forced) breathing, expiration becomes an active process involving expiratory muscles such as the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles to accelerate air removal. This alignment with physiological control of respiration makes this option consistent with established facts.
Option 3: Passive; active. If expiration were passive during heavy breathing, that would imply no active expiratory effort is used when breathing heavily, which contradicts the body’s need to increase airflow in and out of the lungs during strenuous activity. The second part says expiration during normal breathing is active, which is incorrect since normal breathing is typically passive due to recoil.
Option 4: Active; active. Claiming both heavy and normal breathing use active expiration overstates the situation. Normal quiet breathing is not driven by active expiratory muscles in healthy individuals; it relies on passive recoil. This makes this option inconsistent with standard respiratory physiology for normal breathing, though it would describe forced breathing poorly.
Summary of reasoning: The combination that reflects the well-established distinction—expiring actively during heavy or forced breathing and passively during normal, resting breathing—is the one that states 'Active; passive' for heavy versus normal breathing. The other options either misattribute expiration mechanics to normal breathing or incorrectly assign active expiration to both regimes, which does not align with typical respiratory physiology.
Important nuance: The question focuses on typical physiological states; exceptional circumstances (like certain trained athletes or pathology) can modify these patterns, but the standard teaching is active expiration during heavy breathing and passive expiration during normal breathing.

KINE-3030-001 (Fall 2025) Chapter 6

During heavy breathing, expiration through the lungs is _. During normal breathing expiration is _.

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