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Is this a real article (written by a journalist to a newspaper) or fake (written by a computer or a troll factory)? Also indicate the veracity of the information by choosing false, partly true or true.More gas, less windMay 13, 2017 - Matt Ridley The Global Wind Energy Council recently released its latest report, excitedly boasting that ‘the proliferation of wind energy into the global power market continues at a furious pace, after it was revealed that more than 54 gigawatts of clean renewable wind power was installed across the global market last year’. You may have got the impression from announcements like that, and from the obligatory pictures of wind turbines in any BBC story or airport advert about energy, that wind power is making a big contribution to world energy today. You would be wrong. Its contribution is still, after decades — nay centuries — of development, trivial to the point of irrelevance. Here’s a quiz; no conferring. To the nearest whole number, what percentage of the world’s energy consumption was supplied by wind power in 2014, the last year for which there are reliable figures? Was it 20 per cent, 10 per cent or 5 per cent? None of the above: it was 0 per cent. That is to say, to the nearest whole number, there is still no wind power on Earth. As for resource consumption and environmental impacts, the direct effects of wind turbines — killing birds and bats, sinking concrete foundations deep into wild lands — is bad enough. But out of sight and out of mind is the dirty pollution generated in Inner Mongolia by the mining of rare-earth metals for the magnets in the turbines. This generates toxic and radioactive waste on an epic scale, which is why the phrase ‘clean energy’ is such a sick joke and ministers should be ashamed every time it passes their lips. It gets worse. Wind turbines, apart from the fibreglass blades, are made mostly of steel, with concrete bases. They need about 200 times as much material per unit of capacity as a modern combined cycle gas turbine. Steel is made with coal, not just to provide the heat for smelting ore, but to supply the carbon in the alloy. Cement is also often made using coal. The machinery of ‘clean’ renewables is the output of the fossil fuel economy, and largely the coal economy. The truth is, if you want to power civilisation with fewer greenhouse gas emissions, then you should focus on shifting power generation, heat and transport to natural gas, the economically recoverable reserves of which — thanks to horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing — are much more abundant than we dreamed they ever could be. It is also the lowest-emitting of the fossil fuels, so the emissions intensity of our wealth creation can actually fall while our wealth continues to increase. Good.
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Question restatement: You’re evaluating a passage that discusses wind energy and asks two things: (1) whether the article is real (written by a journalist for a newspaper) or fake (generated by a computer or troll factory), and (2) to classify the veracity of the information as false, partly true, or true. The answer choices indicate two selections: a. Real and d. Partly true.
Option a: Real. The passage presents itself as a newspaper article with a byline-like attribution (Matt Ridley) and a narrative style typical of column pieces. The claim that it is written by a journalist for a newspaper could be plausible if the author is a known public fi......Login to view full explanation登录即可查看完整答案
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What is one reason for the expected growth in renewable energy in the En-ROADS baseline scenario?
Read the text on renewable energy sources and answer the following questions. There is growing interest and investment in the use of low-carbon technologies to generate electricity. However, all energy production will have environmental side-effects. Our research set out to establish whether renewable energy forms are really better than fossil fuels and nuclear power. In a research paper, we analyzed the environmental impact of electricity generation from renewable sources, nuclear fission power plants and fossil fuels. The environmental impact of any energy source needs to be measured across a range of criteria. We accounted for the environmental effects associated with the production, operation and dismantling of facilities, as well as the production, transport and combustion of fuels. Our study emphatically confirms that fossil fuels – mainly coal – place a heavy burden on the environment and that most renewable power projects have lower pollution-related impacts on ecosystems and human health. Nonetheless, no energy source is without adverse environmental side effects. Photovoltaics (PV) comes out very well in our analysis. Today, the production of PV cells, commonly called solar panels, uses much less energy than previously. The carbon emissions per unit of PV electricity is one-tenth or less of even the most efficient natural gas power plants. However, solar panels require much more space to generate the same amount of power as fossil fuel or nuclear power generators. Also, this need for large tracts of land and can have a negative impact on local species. Does this mean covering huge areas with solar panels is a problem? Not necessarily. The amount of land needed to generate a kilowatt-hour from PV is comparable to that of coal power, when the land associated with mining coal is accounted for. What’s more, about half of the PV installations in our future scenario in 2050 could be placed on rooftops. Environmental effects from hydropower vary widely, we found. Some dams cause significant climate impacts through the emissions of methane from the decomposition of biomass in reservoirs. Other dams cause equally serious ecological problems through habitat destruction. They can also block the migration of aquatic species and reduce sediment flow and nutrient transport, which affects floodplains and deltas. On the other hand, reservoirs form new habitats for birds and other species. Hydropower offers a good example of the importance of site selection and project design. Some projects may be economically viable but ultimately should not be implemented due to the environmental degradation they can cause. For other projects, the impacts can be limited by mitigation strategies such as environmental stream flow and fish ladders, which provide a detour for migrating fish around a hydropower dam. Similar lessons hold for wind power, the first of which is the need to minimise habitat destruction during construction. Then, once facilities are built and up and running, their operations should be adjusted in order to reduce collisions with flying creatures, such as raptors and bats. Also, wind power resources vary widely across locations, which stresses the importance of choosing locations where wind resources are more abundant. Biomass energy, or burning plant material for power, is important in plans to limit global warming. ". When combined with CO₂ capture and storage, it can remove carbon from the air and store it underground, which helps the environment. Using fast growing leafy plants, such as willow and miscanthus, for biomass power can reduce greenhouse gas emissions because they absorb CO2 effectively as they grow. However, growing these plants requires vast areas of land, which can have significant ecological implications, such as the loss of habitat and species. In fact, the ecological damage from biomass energy can be comparable to that from coal and gas. Biomass power is better for ecosystems only when combined with carbon capture and storage. Climate mitigation strategies can provide a rare opportunity to reduce not only carbon emissions but also a wide range of environmental problems. However, deployment of low-carbon technologies should avoid sensitive habitats in order to fully realize their environmental benefits without triggering unintended consequences. Power plant siting, project design and technology choice are critical issues that investors and governments should consider very carefully. While most people recognize that solar and wind are low-carbon energy sources, bioenergy and carbon capture and storage also have an indispensable role in basically all scenarios where countries rapidly reduce carbon emissions. Our results indicate that we need to search for ways to use these technologies while minimizing the harm to ecosystems. What does the underlined word in the text refer to?Write ONE WORD from the text to complete the sentences.23. ‘they’ in paragraph 4 refers to Answer Question 11[input].
Which of the following are both renewable and carbon free energy sources?
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