Question at position 2 Below is the definition of refractive index n. What do c and s stand for? c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of light in a mediumc = speed of light in a medium, s = speed of light in vacuumc = speed of light in air, s = speed of light in a medium c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of sound in a medium

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Question at position 2 Below is the definition of refractive index n. What do c and s stand for? c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of light in a mediumc = speed of light in a medium, s = speed of light in vacuumc = speed of light in air, s = speed of light in a medium c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of sound in a medium

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle what c and s stand for in the refractive index definition, we should compare each option against the standard expression n = c / s, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and s is the speed of light in the medium.
Option 1: 'c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of light in a medium' This matches the conventional definition of refractive index, since light travels fastest in a vacuum and slows down in any medium, making n = c/s displacement meaningful.
Option 2: 'c = speed of light in a medium, s = speed of light in vacuum' This reverses the roles of c and s and would incorrectly imply that the vacuum is the slower medium, which contradicts fundamental physics and yields nonsense values for n.
Option 3: 'c = speed of light in air, s = speed of light in a medium' This misidentifies c as the light speed in air rather than in vacuum, and air is just a medium with a refractive index close to 1; the standard definition uses vacuum, not air, for c.
Option 4: 'c = speed of light in vacuum, s = speed of light in a medium' This is actually identical in wording to option 1, but if taken as a distinct option, it would be redundant or could be treated as a duplicate; however, in the provided set the intended correct conception remains that c is the vacuum speed and s is the medium speed.
Overall, the key idea is that the numerator c corresponds to the speed of light in vacuum, while the denominator s corresponds to the speed of light in the medium being considered. Any alternative naming that assigns the medium speed to c or assigns vacuum speed to s would misrepresent the definition and lead to incorrect conclusions about how refraction is quantified.

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