Which statement is true of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating PEM statements, I will consider each option on its own merits and potential misconceptions.
Option a: 'rehabilitating children with PEM involves giving then a diet plentiful in protein and energy.' While nutritional rehabilitation does involve providing adequate protein and energy, this statement is phrased awkwardly and implies an oversimplified approach. In practice, treatment of PEM also requires careful assessment, gradual refeeding to avoid refeeding syndrome, micronutrient supplementation, and addressing underlying causes. On its own, this option presents an incomplete picture and is not the best direct truth about PEM.
Option b: 'PEM mostly affects adults.' This is inaccurate. PEM is predominantly a concern in children, especially in settings with food insecurity or limited access to proper nutrition. While adults can be affected, the statement incorrectly asserts that PEM mainly affects adults, which is misleading.
Option c: 'The two forms of PEM are 'Marasmus' and 'kwashiorkor'.' This is a classic and widely taught fact in nutrition and medical texts. Marasmus represents severe energy deficiency with wasting, while kwashiorkor reflects protein deficiency with edema and other signs. This option accurately identifies the two principal forms commonly discussed in PEM.
Option d: 'PEM results when people are deprived of protein and carbohydrate.' This makes PEM seem solely caused by deprivation of both macronutrients together. In reality, PEM can arise from inadequate energy intake, inadequate protein intake, or both, and the presentations (marasmus vs kwashiorkor) reflect different patterns of deficiency. The statement oversimplifies and misrepresents the etiological nuances.
Overall, option c correctly states the established dichotomy of PEM forms. The other choices either mischaracterize the prevalence (b), provide an incomplete or potentially misleading clinical picture (a), or oversimplify the etiological factors (d).

Which statement is true of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

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