Which one of the following is NOT true?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which statement is NOT true, but the provided data lacks the list of answer options to compare. Nonetheless, we can analyze the single listed option to determine its truth value and explain why it is or isn’t accurate in typical contexts.

Option a: 'Promissory estoppel is only relevant where a contract exists.' This statement is not true in contract law. Promissory estoppel is a legal doctrine that allows a party to recover when a promise is made that the promisor should reasonably expect to induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee, and such action or forbearance is taken in reliance on the promise, leading to injustice if the promise is not enforced. Crucially, promissory estoppel can apply even in the absence of a formal contract or consideration. The reliance on a promise can create an obligation to prevent injustice, regardless of whether a contract exists.

Why this is incorrect: If there is a contract, other remedies might also be available, but promissory estoppel does not require a contract to be enforceable in some circumstances; it serves as an equitable remedy to prevent injustice from reliance on a promise. Therefore, saying it is 'only relevant where a contract exists' misstates the doctrine's reach.

Why the statement is misleading in practice: In many cases where promissory estoppel applies, there may be no contract or the contract may be unenforceable for other reasons, yet relief is still appropriate due to reliance and injustice. The doctrine complements contract law, rather than being strictly limited to contract scenarios.

Regarding the missing answer options: Without the other choices, we cannot assess which among them would be NOT true. If you can provide the full list of answer options, I can compare each one and identify which statement is not true with detailed reasoning for all options.

Which one of the following is NOT true?

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