Wichens et al's experiment showing "a release from proactive interference" is due to

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Question restatement: Wichens et al's experiment showing a release from proactive interference is due to

Option 1: the task remained the same. Evaluate this: if the task stayed identical across trials, there is no mechanism described that would reduce prior proactive interference. A release from PI typically requires some change that disrupts the old memory associations, so this option is unlikely to account for a release.

Option 2: the stimulus category remained the same. If the stimuli are still from the same category, the overlap with prior items is preserved, making interference more likely to persist rather than release. Therefore this option does not explain a release from proactive interference.

Option 3: the procedure changed from recall to recognition. A change in retrieval procedure can impact performance, but a classic release from PI is often attributed to a change in the material or context that reduces prior interference, not merely a shift in recall versus recognition. While this could influence performance, it does not specifically identify a release mechanism as discussed in the question.

Option 4: the stimulus category changed at the 4th trial. This option aligns with the standard interpretation of a release from proactive interference: when the to-be-remembered material shifts category, the old memory traces interfere less with the new category, producing a noticeable improvement (a release).

Summary of incorrect options: 1 and 2 fail to provide a change in context or material that would reduce prior interference, making a release unlikely. 3 introduces a retrieval method change that can affect performance but does not directly explain a release from proactive interference in the classic sense. Summary of the correct mechanism: changing the stimulus category disrupts prior interference by introducing new, less overlapping material.

Note on the experimental logic: proactive interference depends on the similarity between new material and previously learned material. A category change reduces overlap and забывает (disrupts) the interfering traces, yielding the observed release effect.

Wichens et al's experiment showing "a release from proactive interference" is due to

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