Question at position 10 A historian researching the effects of epidemic disease on the population levels of seventeenth century colonial Peru would probably find which of the following sources most useful? 4WHM3 Transcripts of court cases involving inheritancesAccounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous healingsChurch records of baptisms and funeralsPetitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial government requesting tax relief

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To determine which source a historian would find most useful for analyzing the population effects of epidemic disease in seventeenth-century colonial Peru, we should evaluate the type and utility of each option.
Option 1: Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances. These documents can reveal wealth transfers and property disputes, but they are not primarily demographic records. They may indirectly reflect economic changes, yet they rarely provide direct, systematic data on population size, birth or death rates, or epidemic impact.
Option 2: Accounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous healings. Medical anecdotes can offer some insight into health events, but they are anecdotal, potentially biased toward extraordinary cases, and not reliable for broad demographic trends. They do not systematically measure population levels or mortality during epidemics.
Option 3: Church records of baptisms and funerals. Parish registers are foundational for demographic history because they systematically record births (baptisms) and deaths (funerals) over time. In colonial contexts, such records can be among the best sources for tracking population fluctuations, mortality rates during epidemics, and long-term demographic patterns.
Option 4: Petitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial government requesting tax relief. These documents illuminate social, economic, and political relations and grievances, but they do not provide direct or comprehensive data on population levels or epidemic mortality; they reflect fiscal concerns rather than population statistics.
Considering the purpose—assessing population effects of epidemics—the most reliable and direct data source among the options is the church records of baptisms and funerals, because they systematically document births and deaths over time, enabling calculation of population size changes, birth rates, and mortality spikes during epidemic periods. The other sources, while valuable for broader context, lack the direct demographic measurements needed for such an analysis, or they are too anecdotal or peripheral to population statistics.

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