The five forces of competitive pressures do not include the

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which item is not one of Porter’s five competitive forces. 
Option 1: 'power and influence of social/demographic trends.' This is not listed as one of the five forces; social/demographic trends are external factors that can influence markets but are not considered a standalone competitive force in Porter’s framework. Its inclusion here signals a misunderstanding of the model’s scope. 
Option 2: 'bargaining power of suppliers and seller-supplier collaboration.' The term 'bargaining power of suppliers' is indeed one of the five forces, but pairing it with 'seller-supplier collaboration' introduces an extraneous concept. While supplier power affects industry dynamics, the phrase as written mixes two ideas, and the authoring of a collaboration channel is not a separate force in Porter’s scheme. Therefore this option is not an accurate restatement of the five forces. 
Option 3: 'threat of new entrants into the market.' This is a direct match to one of the five forces, specifically the barrier-to-entry aspect that affects rivalry and profitability. If you’re evaluating whether this belongs in the framework, note that it does, so this option is not the correct choice for what is excluded. 
Option 4: 'attempts of companies in other industries to win customers over to their own substitute products.' This describes the concept of substitutes, which is indeed one of Porter’s five forces, capturing the risk of customers switching to alternative products from other industries. It correctly aligns with the framework and is not the excluded item. 
Option 5: 'market maneuvering and jockeying for buyer patronage that goes on among rival sellers in the industry.' This is a description of rivalry among existing competitors, which is exactly one of the five forces and significantly part of the model. It is not the excluded element. 
In summary, option-by-option, the statements that align with Porter’s five forces (options 3, 4, and 5) are correct descriptors of the model, while option 3 and 4 and 5 are not the excluded item; option 2 mixes a valid force with an extraneous concept, and option 1 falsely introduces a non-forced factor. The explicit non-forced element among the list is option 1, power and influence of social/demographic trends, which falls outside Porter’s five forces framework.

The five forces of competitive pressures do not include the

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