What were the ecological consequences of the rinderpest parasite for wildebeests and buffalo in the African Savannah? Choose 2 answers.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: The prompt asks for the ecological consequences of the rinderpest parasite on wildebeests and buffalo in the African Savannah and requests selecting 2 true statements from the provided options.
Option 1: '牛瘟疫苗引入后，人口呈指数级增长。' translated as 'After the rinderpest vaccine was introduced, populations grew exponentially.' This speaks to a rebound effect: once a lethal disease threat is mitigated by vaccination, the previously suppressed populations can recover rapidly. Early post-vaccination dynamics are often characterized by fast, near-exponential growth before resource limits slow the increase, so describing the rebound as exponential can be a reasonable shorthand for the initial phase of recovery.
Option 2: '它将人口数量控制在环境容纳量以下。' translated as 'It kept population numbers below the environmental carrying capacity.' During an outbreak of rinderpest, mass mortality would suppress populations well below carrying capacity, limiting growth and leaving populations below what the environment can sustainably support. This reflects the typical outbreak effect where disease reduces numbers, preventing them from reaching or exceeding carrying capacity.
Now examining each option in turn:
- Why Option 1 could be true: The ecological consequence of removing or reducing the impact of the disease via vaccination is a rapid rebound in population size. Before vaccination, wildebeest and buffalo suffered high mortality; after immunity in the population grows, the surviving individuals can reproduce, often leading to a swift, if not perfectly exponential, increase in numbers. The phrase exponential growth captures the idea of a rapid, compounding increase during the early recovery phase, before density-dependent factors temper growth.
- Why Option 2 is true: In the presence of a virulent pathogen like rinderpest, mortality rates spike and populations collapse, keeping numbers significantly below carrying capacity. The disease directly reduces numbers, and even after recovery begins, the population may hover below carrying capacity until conditions stabilize. This is a classic ecological consequence of a disease outbreak reducing abundance relative to the environment’s ability to support a larger population.
Potential caveats and nuance:
- The descriptor 'exponentially' in Option 1 is a simplification. Real-world population rebounds after disease often show an initial rapid growth phase that may approximate exponential growth, but later stages typically slow as resources, density dependence, and other factors come into play. Recognize that 'exponential' here conveys a rapid, accelerating increase rather than a precise mathematical trajectory.
- Option 2 assumes that the outbreak’s effect is to suppress numbers below carrying capacity; this aligns with disease-induced mortality scenarios. However, during the later recovery and after vaccination, populations can overshoot carrying capacity if the growth rate temporarily exceeds the environment’s support, though such overshoots are not implied by this option.
In summary, the two statements describe a plausible sequence: the introduction of vaccination allows a rapid rebound in wildebeest and buffalo populations, and during outbreaks, the disease kept those populations below what the ecosystem can sustainably support.

生物学 1001 (001-013) 第24课学习测验

What were the ecological consequences of the rinderpest parasite for wildebeests and buffalo in the African Savannah? Choose 2 answers.

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