In Vancouver, with its relatively mild winters, do you expect evergreen or deciduous species to break bud first? (select the best answer)

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Question restatement: In Vancouver, with its relatively mild winters, do you expect evergreen or deciduous species to break bud first? (select the best answer)

Option 1: 'Deciduous species, because their buds don’t become dormant in winter.' This is incorrect because deciduous species do enter dormancy in winter; their buds are often dormant until warmer temperatures signal bud break. The claim that buds don’t become dormant misstates typical temperate-forest phenology.

Option 2: 'Evergreen species because they have a lower heat sum requirement.' While evergreen species can photosynthesize on milder days, the concept of a universally lower heat sum (growing-degree-day) requirement for bud break is not necessarily true across species; many evergreens still require sufficient warmth and favorable conditions to resume active growth. The statement oversimplifies and may not hold as a general rule.

Option 3: 'Evergreen species, because they need new leaves as soon as possible to be able to grow competitively.' This reasoning is not accurate for determining which category breaks bud first. Evergreen trees retain leaves year-round or for extended periods, but bud break refers to new shoot emergence from buds, not simply needing new leaves for competition. Thus this option attributes a motive (competition) that doesn’t directly explain phenology timing.

Option 4: 'Deciduous species, because they can’t start photosynthesizing until after they leaf out, while leaves of evergreen species can photosynthesize whenever the weather is above freezing.' This option correctly links bud break timing to the physiology of deciduous species (they must leaf out to resume significant photosynthesis) and contrasts it with evergreens, which can photosynthesize on mild days with existing foliage. In Vancouver’s mild winters, the first detectable growth tends to occur with the onset of favorable temperatures that trigger bud break in deciduous species, while evergreen foliage may contribute to photosynthesis earlier. This explanation aligns with basic phenology: deciduous buds break and leaf out before substantial photosynthesis resumes, whereas evergreen leaves enable some photosynthetic activity as soon as conditions permit.

Overall, evaluating the biological mechanisms and phenological timing leads to the conclusion that Option 4 is the best answer, while Options 1–3 contain inaccuracies or oversimplifications about dormancy, heat requirements, or the drivers of bud break and photosynthesis.

FRST_V 303 101-107 2025W1 Weekly quiz #5 - Lectures 9 and 10 - Section 103, 104

In Vancouver, with its relatively mild winters, do you expect evergreen or deciduous species to break bud first? (select the best answer)

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