How does Jupiter's core compare to Earth's?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The prompt asks to compare Jupiter's core to Earth's. The provided data includes one answer statement: 'It is about the same size but is 10 times more massive.'
Since no other answer options are present in the dataset, we will analyze the given statement in isolation.
First, consider what the statement claims: the core of Jupiter is about the same size as Earth's core, yet Jupiter's core is about ten times more massive.
- On size: If we interpret 'size' as radius, planetary cores of gas giants like Jupiter are generally not equal in radius to Earth's core; Jupiter's overall structure includes a very large, massive envelope of hydrogen and helium, with a relatively small rocky/icy core embedded inside. The core radius is estimated to be smaller than Earth's radius when scaled to planet size, so claiming 'about the same size' is questionable in terms of raw radii.
- On mass: Earth's core mass is a fraction of Earth’s total mass (Earth’s core is roughly 30-35% of Earth's mass). Jupiter’s core mass, by current models, is often estimated in the range of about 5–15 Earth masses, with some models suggesting up to ~20 Earth masses. Saying the core is '10 times more massive' than Earth’s core would place Jupiter’s core at around 10 Earth masses, which is within the plausible lower-to-mid range of estimates, though many models favour somewhat higher or lower values depending on formation scenario and internal structure.
Given these nuances, the statement attempts to convey that while the core size might be comparable to Earth’s, the core’s mass is significantly larger—roughly an order of magnitude greater than Earth's core mass under certain models. The reasoning hinges on distinguishing core mass from overall planet mass and recognizing the uncertainties in Jupiter’s exact core properties.
In the absence of alternative options, this analysis focuses on the supplied assertion. It is important to acknowledge that real scientific estimates vary, and different models can yield different core size and mass values for Jupiter.

EARTHSC 2205 SP2025 (19389) Jovian

How does Jupiter's core compare to Earth's?

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