Extraversion has been found to reliably predict which achievement-related outcomes?

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The question asks: Extraversion has been found to reliably predict which achievement-related outcomes?

Option A: Occupational prestige. While extraversion can relate to social visibility and networking, occupational prestige is a broader societal metric that is influenced by many factors beyond an individual’s level of extraversion, such as field, education, and opportunity. This makes the link indirect and less reliably predictive.

Option B: Creative achievement. Extraversion is sometimes associated with creative performance in certain domains, but creative achievement often correlates weakly or inconsistently with extraversion across different studies. Creativity tends to be more strongly linked to openness to experience and intrinsic motivation, so extraversion alone is not a robust predictor across the board.

Option C: Educational attainment. Educational attainment depends on a variety of factors including study habits, cognitive ability, motivation, access to resources, and persistence. While personality can play a role, extraversion does not reliably predict educational attainment in a consistent, strong way across diverse samples, making this option less defensible as a robust predictor.

Option D: Job performance in sales and management roles. This option aligns with research showing that extraversion tends to predict performance in roles that require social interaction, communication, persuasion, and leadership—attributes central to sales and many management tasks. The behavioral profile of extraverts—outgoing, assertive, and sociable—maps onto job demands in these areas, leading to more reliable predictive validity for job performance in these domains.

In sum, the strongest and most consistent link among the listed achievement-related outcomes is with performance in roles that rely heavily on interpersonal effectiveness and influence, such as sales and management. The other options describe outcomes that are influenced by a wider constellation of factors beyond extraversion, or where theoretical and empirical links are weaker or more domain-specific, resulting in less reliable predictions.

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Extraversion has been found to reliably predict which achievement-related outcomes?

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