McCrae et al. (1999) find similar associations between age and personality over samples from five different countries. They interpret their data as evidence of….

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When assessing what McCrae et al. (1999) concluded from finding similar associations between age and personality across five diverse countries, we evaluate how each option aligns with cross-cultural, developmental interpretations.
Option A: 'Major life transitions that are common to all developed nations.' While life transitions can influence personality, the claim of similar age-related associations across culturally diverse samples points beyond country-specific events, suggesting a more universal mechanism rather than culturally bounded transitions. This option foregrounds sociocultural events rather than a biological or universal maturation process, making it a partial or less fitting explanation for cross-national stability.
Option B: 'Universal, genetically-based maturation factors.' This reading emphasizes a cross-national pattern that persists despite cultural differences, which is consistent with a view that certain maturation trajectories operate broadly and may be underpinned by biology or genetics. It accounts for similarity across diverse populations and fits the interpretation of stable, age-linked changes appearing regardless of country-specific context.
Option C: 'Cohort effects on personality.' Cohort effects would imply differences attributable to being born in different time periods, potentially altering age-associations across groups. However, the reported finding is that associations are similar across samples from five countries, which contradicts an interpretation driven by cohort-specific variation unless those cohorts share synchronized experiences worldwide. This option is less consistent with the described cross-national similarity.
Option D: 'High rank-order stability.' High rank-order stability refers to consistency of individuals' relative standing on traits over time, not necessarily a universal age-related maturation pattern across cultures. While stability is an aspect of personality research, the core claim about age-related associations across nations points more toward a maturational process affecting all individuals, not merely consistency in trait ranking over time, making this option less central to the interpretation described.
In summary, option B best captures the idea that consistent age-personality associations across multiple countries point to maturation factors that are universal, with possible genetic underpinnings, whereas the other options either emphasize culturally bound processes, cohort-specific effects, or a different emphasis on stability rather than maturation.

PSYC20009_2025_SM2 Lecture 4 Quiz

McCrae et al. (1999) find similar associations between age and personality over samples from five different countries. They interpret their data as evidence of….

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