What is the ultimate source of all new genetic variation?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering where new genetic variation originates, we look at the mechanisms that introduce novel alleles and sequences into a population.
Option 1: Mutation. Mutations are changes to DNA that can create new alleles, insert novel genetic material, or alter gene function. They are the primary source of new genetic variation upon which evolution acts, providing the raw material for selection, drift, and adaptation.
Option 2: Genetic drift. Genetic drift describes random fluctuations in allele frequencies over time, especially in small populations. It does not create new variation; instead, it changes how existing variation is distributed within the population.
Option 3: Speciation. Speciation is the process by which new species arise, often involving divergence and reproductive isolation. While it is a critical outcome in evolution, it does not generate new genetic variation itself; it organizes or partitions variation that already exists.
Option 4: Mitosis. Mitosis is the cell division process that produces identical daughter cells for growth and tissue maintenance. It preserves genetic information rather than creating new variation, so it is not a source of novel genetic diversity.
In summary, the unique role of mutation is to introduce new genetic variants that existing mechanisms like drift, speciation, or mitosis cannot originate on their own, making it the ultimate source of new genetic variation.

25SP_ANTH1_19335 Quiz 3

What is the ultimate source of all new genetic variation?

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