True or False: A muscle inserted farther from the joint center must contract at a higher speed to produce a given joint rotational velocity.

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Question restatement: True or False: A muscle inserted farther from the joint center must contract at a higher speed to produce a given joint rotational velocity.

Option a. True: This statement reflects the idea that the geometry of the musculoskeletal system links joint rotation to muscle fiber shortening through the moment arm. If the muscle inserts farther from the joint center (larger moment arm), a given angular velocity of the joint requires a larger tendon excursion. Since the tendon excursion is related to how much the muscle fiber must shorten, a larger excursion tends to demand a greater shortening velocity from the muscle fibers to achieve the same joint speed. In other words, for a fixed ω, increasing r increases the required fiber shortening rate, so the muscle would need to contract more quickly.

Option b. False: This choice would imply that changing the distance of insertion from the joint center has no effect on the speed at which the muscle fiber must shorten to achieve the same joint velocity. However, biomechanics teaches that the moment arm (distance from joint center to insertion) influences the relationship between joint rotation and muscle fiber shortening. A larger moment arm changes the kinematic relationship, typically requiring greater fiber shortening velocity to produce the same ω.

Summary of reasoning for each option:
- For option a, the logic hinges on the link between joint angular velocity and muscle fiber shortening through the moment arm; a larger distance from the joint center increases the tendon excursion per unit joint rotation, driving a higher required fiber shortening speed to achieve the same joint speed.
- For option b, the claim negates the geometric coupling between joint motion and muscle fiber shortening, which is inconsistent with fundamental musculoskeletal kinematics that tie muscle fiber velocity to joint velocity via moment arms.

KNHES 2360 SP2025 (14427) Exam 1

True or False: A muscle inserted farther from the joint center must contract at a higher speed to produce a given joint rotational velocity.

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