According to Wong, the idea that there are certain values that all societies must share, like cooperation, means that relativism is false.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Interpreting Wong's discussion on moral values requires separating the existence of some shared practices from the broader claim of moral universalism.
Option 1 (the statement is false): This claim rests on the idea that if all societies share certain values like cooperation, then relativism must be false. However, even if there are some cross-cultural commonalities, this does not automatically disprove relativism, because relativism is primarily about moral judgments being determined by cultural norms rather than by universal standards. 
- First, universal or cross-cultural overlap can arise for a variety of instrumental or pragmatic reasons (for example, cooperation aiding social stability), which does not imply that every moral judgment is the same across cultures. 
- Second, Wong distinguishes between descriptive observations about practices and prescriptive moral truths; the presence of common values does not entail that those values are binding for all cultures in the same way or that they constitute objective standards beyond cultural interpretation. 
- Third, a relativist might concede some overlap while still maintaining that the justification, meaning, and priority of those values vary by culture, thereby preserving relativism as a framework. 
- Fourth, even if cooperation is widely valued, the extent to which it is valued, the conditions under which it should be promoted, and the reasons given for cooperation can differ across societies, leaving room for relativistic explanations.
- Finally, asserting universal values as a falsifier of relativism commits to a specific form of universalism; Wong’s position often challenges the leap from surface-level commonalities to comprehensive universal moral theories, arguing that such leaps are philosophically contested.

In summary, the existence of some shared values does not definitively negate relativism, and Wong’s nuanced view tends to resist deriving universal moral truths from cross-cultural agreement, hence the statement being evaluated as false.

PHIL 220-001 Wong Quiz

According to Wong, the idea that there are certain values that all societies must share, like cooperation, means that relativism is false.

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