Molecular clock analysis can provide which of the following:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks what molecular clock analysis can provide. 
Option a: 'Numerical ages for rocks with no fossils' is incorrect because molecular clock methods estimate timing of evolutionary divergences, not the absolute ages of rocks, especially those lacking fossils. Rock dating typically relies on geochronology methods (e.g., radiometric dating) rather than genetic data. 
Option b: 'The age of divergence between different groups of organisms' is the core purpose of molecular clock analyses. By comparing genetic differences and applying a mutation rate (calibrated with known dates from fossils or geological events), we can infer when lineages split from their common ancestors. This aligns with how molecular clocks are used in phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. 
Option c: 'Numerical ages for rocks with fossils' is not precise for molecular clocks. While fossils can provide calibration points, the method itself does not directly yield numerical rock ages; it translates genetic differences into divergence times, contingent on appropriate calibrations. Rock ages usually come from independent dating techniques on the rocks themselves or associated materials. 
Option d: 'The genome of ancient organisms' suggests recovering genomes directly from ancient samples. Molecular clock analysis does not reveal the genome content of ancient organisms by itself; it uses existing genetic sequences to infer timing of divergences. It does not reconstruct full ancient genomes. 
In summary, option b correctly captures the primary output of molecular clock analysis, while the other options describe functions that are outside or peripheral to what molecular clocks estimate.

Molecular clock analysis can provide which of the following:

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