Which statement is FALSE?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Here’s the evaluation of each statement in the context of microbiology and biogeochemical processes.
Option a: '_Rhizobium bacteria are involved with fixing atmospheric nitrogen for use by plants._' This is a true statement. Rhizobium species form symbiotic relationships with legume roots, creating nodules where atmospheric N2 is converted to forms (ammonia) usable by plants via biological nitrogen fixation. The claim aligns with established nitrogen cycle knowledge.
Option b: '_Microscopic fungi are not involved in the breakdown and recycling of organic matter._' This is false. In reality, microscopic fungi (fungi such as molds and yeasts) are central decomposers in ecosystems, breaking down complex organic materials like cellulose and lignin, and recycling nutrients back into the environment. Their role in saprotrophy is well documented, so stating they are not involved misrepresents their ecological function.
Option c: '_Saccharomyces yeast species can produce ethanol._' This is true. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related yeasts carry out fermentation, converting sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide, a process exploited in baking and brewing industries.
Option d: '_Marine bacteria can generate oxygen._' This is true in contexts where marine photosynthetic bacteria (and algae) perform photosynthesis, releasing O2 as a byproduct. While some bacteria contribute to oxygen production indirectly as part of photosynthetic communities, the general statement is supported by known marine photoautotrophs and the oxygen-generating processes in oceans.
Overall, only option b presents a misconception by denying the well-established role of fungi in organic matter decomposition, whereas the other statements correctly describe real biological processes.

Which statement is FALSE?

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