Which type of earthquakes produce trans-oceanic tsunamis?

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Question: Which type of earthquakes produce trans-oceanic tsunamis?

Option 1: transform fault displacement. This involves horizontal movement along transform faults with minimal vertical displacement of the seafloor, so it generally does not cause large tsunami waves across oceans.

Option 2: megathrust earthquakes on a subduction zone. These events occur at plate boundaries where a large portion of the seafloor can be abruptly shoved upward, displacing a huge column of seawater and generating powerful trans-oceanic tsunamis.

Option 3: shallow crustal earthquakes. While they can cause local tsunamis if they happen under the sea, their overall energy source and vertical seafloor displacement are typically not sufficient to produce trans-oceanic tsunamis of major scale.

Option 4: normal fault displacement along a divergent margin. Divergent margins involve spreading centers with some vertical movement, but the generated tsunamis are usually smaller and more localized compared to megathrust events.

Option 5: deep earthquakes within the subducting plate. Deep-focus events occur well below the seafloor and generally do not cause significant vertical displacement of the ocean surface, so they are not the primary source of trans-oceanic tsunamis.

In summary, the most influential mechanism for generating large, ocean-spanning tsunamis is the abrupt vertical displacement associated with megathrust earthquakes at subduction zone interfaces. The other options involve less favorable geometry or depth for producing such widespread tsunamis.

ESS 101 A Examination 2 (Friday December 5th 7:00 - 8:30 PM PST)

Which type of earthquakes produce trans-oceanic tsunamis?

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