Which of the major mass extinction events most profoundly affected ammonites?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle the question, we first recall which mass extinctions are linked to major faunal turnover and the groups involved.
Option a: End Ordovician. This extinction primarily affected marine invertebrates and ichnofossils, and while significant, ammonites were not yet a dominant group at this time; ammonoids peaked later, so this is not the most profound event for ammonites.
Option b: End Cretaceous. This event famously ended the reign of the non-avian dinosaurs and coincided with a major turnover in marine fauna, including the abrupt decline of ammonites, which is widely cited as a defining mass extinction for them. The rapid environmental changes at the K-Pg boundary led to their decline and eventual extinction, making this the most impactful event for ammonites.
Option c: End Permian. The Permian-Triassic extinction was the largest in Earth history and wiped out a huge portion of marine and terrestrial species, but ammonoids were already in decline after the Permian due to other ecological pressures; still, ammonoids did experience significant stress here, though not as definitively dramatic as at the End Cretaceous for ammonites specifically.
Option d: End Triassic. This event affected marine reptiles and many invertebrates, and while ammonoids show some response, the mass extinction signal for ammonites is not considered as profound here as at the End Cretaceous, where their diversity sharply collapsed.
In summary, while several mass extinctions reshaped marine ecosystems, the End Cretaceous stands out as the event most profoundly affecting ammonites, due to their rapid decline and extinction at that boundary.

Which of the major mass extinction events most profoundly affected ammonites?

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