Lewis structures help visualise the valence electrons in a molecular structure, whether they form bonds between atoms or not. Valence electrons not involved in bonding are called:

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In Lewis structures, we account for valence electrons to see how atoms bond or arrange themselves. 
Option a: shielded pairs. This term is not standard in chemistry for valence electrons; it would mislead students into thinking there is a specific concept called shielded pairs distinct from bonding electrons. 
Option b: energy pairs. This label does not correspond to any recognized category of electrons in Lewis structures; it combines ideas of energy that are not used to describe bonding or lone electrons. 
Option c: degenerate pairs. Degeneracy is a term used in atomic orbital theory to describe orbitals having the same energy, not to describe pairs of electrons in a Lewis structure; thus this choice misapplies a physics concept to chemistry bonding terminology. 
Option d: lone pairs. This is the correct and conventional term for valence electrons that are not involved in bonding; they remain localized on an atom and are often shown as non-bonding electron pairs on the atom in the Lewis structure. 
Overall, the distractors use terms that don’t match the standard vocabulary of Lewis structures, while lone pairs accurately identify the non-bonding valence electrons.

CHM1051 MUM S2 2025 CHM1051 Practice Exam 2

Lewis structures help visualise the valence electrons in a molecular structure, whether they form bonds between atoms or not. Valence electrons not involved in bonding are called:

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