1: A biblical concept that describes the relationship between God and the Jews in contractual terms, often thought of as an eternal bond between the Creator and the descendants of the ancient Israelites. 2: A Greek word in origin, it refers to those Jewish communities that live outside of the historical land of Israel. 3: Any belief in an "End-Time" of divine judgment and world destruction 4: An authoritative formulation of traditional Jewish law 5: One dominant forms of Jewish mysticism, their texts begin to appear in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Mystics belonging to this tradition focus on the emanative powers of God----referred to in Hebrew as Sephirot----and on their role within the Godhead as well as with in the human personality. 6: A ritual bath in which married Jewish women immerse themselves each month, after the end of their menstrual cycle and before resuming sexual relations with their husbands. 7: Literally translated, this Hebrew word means “commandments" and it refers to the 613 commandments that the biblical God imparted to the Israelites in the Torah (i.e., the first five books of the Hebrew Bible). 8: A ritualized meal, observed on the first two nights of Pesach, that recalls the Exodus from Egypt 9: A prayer shawl that is worn during morning prayers (traditionally by men). The fringes of this shawl represents, symbolically, the 613 mitzvot found in the Torah. 10: Taken form the word "prayer", this term refers to two small boxes to which leather straps are attached. Traditionally, Jewish males from the ages of 13 wear this item during weekday morning prayers. Inside each of these boxes is a miniature parchment containing biblical verses. One box is placed on the forehead and the other is placed on the left arm, signifying that the individual's mind and will are devoted to God. 11: The divine attribute of total and eternal knowledge 12: A rite of passage for adolescents in Judaism, it signals the coming-of-age and the beginning of adult religious responsibility 13: A charismatic faith-healer, mystic, and teacher who is generally regarded as the founder of Hasidic movement. 14: The belief that the biblical God "chose" the people of Israel to be His "kingdom of priests" and a "holy nation." This biblical concept is logically connected to the idea of the covenant and it entails the belief that the JEws' relationship with God obliges them to confirm to His laws and fulfill His purposes in the world. 15: A core concept of Judaism; it is the belief that the world was created and is governed by only one transcendent Being, whose attributes provide an ideal model for human behavior. 16: The escape (or departure) of Israelite slaves from Egypt as described in the Hebrew Bible (c. 1250 B.C. E.) 17: A popular movement with eighteenth-century Eastern Europeans Judaism, it stressed the need for spiritual restoration and deepened individual piety. In the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the movement spawned a number of distivtive communities that have physically separated themselves from the rest of the Jewish and non-Jewish worlds, and who are often recognized by their attire and their devotion to a dynasty of hereditary spiritual leaders. 18: One of the dominant forms of Jewish mysticism, their texts begin to appear in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Mystics belonging to this tradition focus on the the emanative powers of God - referred to in Hebrew as Sephirot- and on their role within the Godhead as well as within the human personality. 19: A sixteenth-century mystic who settled in Safed (Israel) and gathered around him a community of disciples. His mysticicsm seeks to explain the mystery surrounding both the creation of the world and its redemption from sin. 20: A twelfth-century philosopher and rabbinic scholar whose codification of Jewish beliefs and relgious practices set the standard for both in subsequent centuries. 21: A possibly supernatural figure who will judge and transform the world. 22: The divine attribute of total and eternal power. 23: An early spring harvest festival that celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from Egypt, It is celebrated for seven days in Israel and eight days in the Diaspora. The first two nights are celebrated within a family setting. It is also known as "Passover" in English. 24: The Jewish New Year, it is celebrated for two days in the fall ( on the first day of the month of Tishrai) and accompanied by the blowing of a rams horn. It signals the beginning of the "ten days of repentance" that culminates with Yom Kippur. 25: A later spring harvest festival that is celevrated for two days and is associated with the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai. Along with the Pesach and Sukkot it was one of the "pilgrimage" festivals in ancient times. 26: The prayer book that used on weekdays and on the Sabbath. 27: A fall harvest festival that is associated with the huts in which the ancient Israelites sought shelter during the Exodus. It is celebrated for seven days in Israel (eight days in the Diaspora). During that time Jews take their meals, and if possible sleep, in huts that are partly open to the sky. 28: Jewish houses of worship. The focal point ever each of these is the Ark, a large cabinet where scrolls of the Torah are stored. 29: A multi-volume work of commentary on the laws of the Torah and on the teachings of the entire Hebrew Bible, composed in two stages the Mishnah and Gemara. Traditionally, Jews refer to it as the "Oral Torah" and regard it as an extension of sacred scripture. 30: Literally, the word means "teaching," and in its most restrictive sense it refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Less restrictively, it signifies the totality of God's revelations to the Jewish people, which includes not only the remaining books of the Hebrew Bible but also the writings contained in the Talmud. 31: The divine attribute of being above and beyond anything human beings can know or imagine. 32: Referred to as the "Day of Atonement," it is the most solemn of all off the fast-days in the Jewish religious calendar. 33: A modern political philosophy that asserts a belief in Jewish national identity and in the necessity of resuming national life within the historic Land of Israel. 34: A kabbalistic midrash based on the biblical Book of Genesis