The radiation which is the most powerful ioniser is?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating which radiation ionises most strongly, we compare their ability to knock electrons off atoms in a material.
Option a: beta particles are high-energy electrons; they are charged and cause ionisation, but their stopping power is lower than that of alpha particles, so they are less ionising per path length.
Option b: gamma rays are uncharged photons; they ionise indirectly through secondary electrons, but their ionisation density is typically much lower than charged particles, making them less potent as ionisers per unit distance.
Option c: alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, giving them a +2 charge and relatively large mass. This high charge and dense energy deposition cause a very high ionisation density in a short range, making them the most powerful ionisers among common radiation types.
Option d: neutrons are uncharged and ionise mainly through collisions with nuclei, which leads to ionisation indirectly and generally with lower immediate ionisation density compared to alpha particles.
Thus, taking into account charge, mass, and interaction mechanisms, alpha particles produce the greatest number of ion pairs per unit path length in matter, despite their limited penetration depth.

The radiation which is the most powerful ioniser is?

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