Which correctly defines the concept of ionization?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let’s break down what ionization means in atomic physics and evaluate each option in that light.
Option 1: 'An electron is removed from the orbital shell of an atom' - This correctly captures ionization. Ionization is the process by which an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. The key idea is removal of an electron from the bound state.
Option 2: 'An x-ray photon collides with an electron' - This describes a common interaction mechanism (photoelectric effect or Compton scattering depending on context), but it does not by itself define ionization. A collision could transfer energy without removing an electron, or could involve other processes; thus this statement is not a definition of ionization.
Option 3: 'A molecule is maintained in orbit by binding energy' - This describes molecular binding and energy concepts, but it does not address the removal of an electron from an atom. It’s not about ionization, and the phrase 'maintained in orbit' is not a standard description of ionization.
Option 4: 'An electron passes near the nucleus of an atom' - This describes a general trajectory or scattering event, not the act of removing an electron from the atomic orbital. It does not convey the concept of ionization.
In summary, the first option aligns with the established definition of ionization as the removal of an electron from an atom, while the other options describe related but distinct phenomena or scenarios that do not define ionization.

Which correctly defines the concept of ionization?

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