Which of the following equations represents the second ionization energy of calcium?

04A

Question

Which of the following equations represents the second ionization energy of calcium?

04A

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle this question, I’ll examine what the second ionization energy means and then evaluate each option.

First, recall that the second ionization energy is the energy required to remove a second electron after the first has already been removed. For calcium, the first ionization removes one electron from neutral Ca to form Ca+(g); the second ionization energy would then remove another electron from Ca+(g) to yield Ca2+(g).

Option 1: Ca+(g) → Ca2+(g) + e–. This aligns precisely with the definition of the second ionization energy: removing a second electron from the singly charged ion Ca+ to form Ca2+. It is therefore the correct representation of the process.

Option 2: Ca(g) → Ca2+(g) + 2e–. This describes removing two electrons directly from neutral calcium in one step, which would correspond to the combined energy of the first and second ionizations summed, not specifically the second ionization energy. It does not match the required intermediate species (Ca+) for the second ionization.

Option 3: Ca2+(g) + e– → Ca+(g). This is the reverse of the second ionization process: it would be electron capture by Ca2+ to form Ca+. Ionization energies are defined as endothermic (energy-absorbing) steps in one direction, so this reverse reaction does not describe the second ionization energy.

Option 4: Ca2+(g) + 2e– → Ca(g). This is the full reduction of Ca2+ back to neutral calcium by two electrons, effectively the opposite of ionization processes. It does not correspond to the removal of a second electron from Ca+ to form Ca2+.

In summary, only option 1 correctly represents the second ionization step for calcium, while options 2–4 describe other processes (either multiple ionizations in one step, reverse reactions, or reduction) that do not define the second ionization energy.

CHEM 1210 AU2025 (15738) Exam 4- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Which of the following equations represents the second ionization energy of calcium? 04A

查看解析

登录即可查看完整答案

类似问题

Given the following elements and three values of possible first ionization energies: Si, Na, Cl and 496, 1251, and 786 kJ·mol–1 Match the atoms with their ionization energies.

Nonmetals rarely lose electrons in chemical reactions because

For the elements Be, B, N and O, the order of increasing ionization energies are:

Identify the figure showing the successive ionization energies of Mg.

Which of the following shows the correct relationship between the first ionization energies of the given elements?

For the elements Be, B, and N, the first ionization energy increases in the order:

Select the response which presents the three elements below in order of increasing first ionisation potential (IE1).

Select the response which presents the three elements below in order of increasing first ionisation potential (IE1).

更多留学生实用工具

考试浏览器助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单