Question at position 7 Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? 4WH59Climate change that significantly altered the growing seasonCompetition from industrially produced British textilesReligious opposition to capitalist modes of productionDisruption of production from disputes with labor unions

Question

Question at position 7 Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? 4WH59Climate change that significantly altered the growing seasonCompetition from industrially produced British textilesReligious opposition to capitalist modes of productionDisruption of production from disputes with labor unions

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question: Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century?

Option 1: Climate change that significantly altered the growing season
This choice attributes decline to environmental changes. While climate factors could affect agricultural crops, the dominant historiography on India's textile decline emphasizes economic and industrial forces, particularly competition from industrially produced British textiles, rather than climate shifts as the primary driver. The timing and scale of India’s deindustrialization align more closely with industrial and trade policies than with climate-induced disruptions.

Option 2: Competition from industrially produced British textiles
This is the historically supported reason. By the late 1800s, Britain’s mechanized, mass-produced cotton textiles flooded global markets. Indian weavers faced strong competition from priced, standardized British fabrics, plus policy measures that favored industrial production in Britain and disrupted Indian artisanal industries. This competition eroded India's share in global cotton textile manufacture and contributed to deindustrialization in the textile sector.

Option 3: Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production
There is little robust historical evidence that religious opposition to capitalist modes of production was a major, systemic factor in the decline of India’s cotton textile manufacturing. While religious and social factors can influence economic activities in localized contexts, they are not cited as the primary cause for the global decline in India’s textile manufacturing by the nineteenth century’s end in mainstream economic history.

Option 4: Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions
Labor disputes and unions did occur in various contexts, but they are not generally identified as the major cause behind India’s shrinking share of global cotton textile manufacture by the end of the nineteenth century. The larger and more decisive factor was external competition and the changing global production landscape driven by industrial Britain, rather than widespread disruption from labor disputes within India.

Summary: The strongest, evidence-based explanation among the options is that global competition from Britain’s industrially produced textiles displaced Indian handloom and cottage industry, leading to a decline in India’s share of cotton textile manufacture by the late nineteenth century. The other options describe factors that either played only minor roles or are not supported as the principal cause in standard historical analyses.

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