Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Here we examine what it means to miss something that is clearly visible, and we evaluate each option against that idea.
Option 1: Change blindness. This phenomenon describes failing to notice changes in a visual scene after a disruption (like a blink or a saccade). While it involves missing information, the focus is on changes rather than something that is clearly visible in the moment. This makes it somewhat related to missing visual details, but not the classic example of missing a currently visible item.
Option 2: Binding. Binding refers to the cognitive process of integrating features (color, shape, location) into coherent percepts. When binding fails, features may be miscombined, leading to errors like illusory conjunctions rather than simply failing to notice something clearly visible. It addresses how we bind information, not specifically about missing objects that are in plain sight.
Option 3: Inattentional blindness. This precisely captures the scenario where an individual fails to notice a fully visible, salient object because attention is allocated elsewhere. It is the canonical demonstration of missing something that is clearly visible due to selective attention.
Option 4: Illusory conjunctions. These occur when features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined (e.g., a red T that’s actually a green X). They reveal misbinding at a detailed level but do not describe simply missing a clearly visible object in the scene.
In summary, while change blindness, binding, and illusory conjunctions each describe interesting perceptual phenomena, inattentional blindness is the classic instance of overlooking something that is clearly visible due to focused attention elsewhere.

Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible?

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