Researchers should make use of __________ when assessing attitudes that people may be unwilling or unable to report.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question focus: evaluating how researchers assess attitudes when participants might not report honestly or fully.
Option 1: 'Likert scales' – While Likert scales are common for attitude measurement, they rely on self-report. If participants are unwilling or unable to report truthfully, Likert scales suffer from social desirability bias or lack of introspective access, making them less reliable in this context.
Option 2: 'implicit measures' – This option directly targets attitudes that participants may not report openly. Implicit measures, such as the Implicit Association Test, assess automatic associations outside conscious awareness, reducing social desirability concerns and providing insight into true attitudes when explicit reporting is compromised.
Option 3: 'questionnaires' – Broad term for self-report tools; like Likert scales, questionnaires depend on conscious reporting. When participants are unwilling or unable to disclose attitudes, conventional questionnaires may yield biased or incomplete data.
Option 4: 'Surveys' – Surveys encompass a range of data collection methods, but most rely on self-report. In contexts where participants won’t or can’t report accurately, survey data may mirror social desirability or response biases rather than the underlying attitude, limiting validity.
In summary, implicit measures are specifically designed to circumvent barriers to truthful reporting and uncover attitudes that may not be accessible through direct self-report methods, whereas the other options depend on conscious disclosure and are more susceptible to bias under these conditions.

Researchers should make use of __________ when assessing attitudes that people may be unwilling or unable to report.

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