Question at position 13 Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? 4WHF23The growth of industrial production in North AmericaThe abolition of slavery in the AmericasThe growth of South American agricultural exportsThe decline of the Indian textile industry’s share of global manufacturing

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The question asks which nineteenth-century development would best support the view that European dominance came more from force and coercion than from superior industrial products.
Option 1: The growth of industrial production in North America. While this indicates expanding industry, it does not directly illustrate coercive power or imperial leverage; it could reflect internal development rather than external domination. This choice does not strongly support the coercion argument.
Option 2: The abolition of slavery in the Americas. Abolition signals a shift in moral and legal norms, not a direct demonstration of European coercive dominance over global manufacturing or trade. It undermines the idea that coercion alone underpinned economic power, making this choice less supportive of the contention.
Option 3: The growth of South American agricultural exports. This shows diversification of global trade and colonially influenced production, but it still centers on economic expansion rather than the mechanism by which European nations exerted dominance through force relative to industrial product superiority. It provides some context but not a clear demonstration of coercive dominance related to manufacturing power.
Option 4: The decline of the Indian textile industry’s share of global manufacturing. This directly reflects a loss of competitive position in a major global industry due to European industrial capacity, colonial policies, and imperial coercion (such as dumping, trade restrictions, and preferential access) that displaced indigenous production. It exemplifies how coercive or unequal relations, rather than the intrinsic superiority of European products, contributed to dominance in the late nineteenth century.
In terms of addressing the prompt, option 4 best aligns with the claim that force and coercion played a key role in establishing global economic dominance, evidenced by the erosion of a traditional source of global textile manufacturing from India under imperial influence. The other options, while related to economic changes of the era, do not as clearly demonstrate dominance achieved more through coercion than through superior industrial output.

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