How was 'Ideology' defined in the lecture:

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Starting with a clear restatement of what the question asks helps orient the analysis: How was 'Ideology' defined in the lecture? We will evaluate each option before identifying the alignment with the lecture's definition.
Option a: 'Ideology was defined in the lecture only as a set of beliefs shared by a large group of people with power.' This characterization misses the key element that ideology connects to broader structures of power and social action; it confines ideology to power-bearing beliefs alone and neglects the social-action and structural dimensions. It also uses 'with power' in a way that implies possession of power rather than connection to power structures.
Option b: 'Ideology was defined in the lecture only as a set of beliefs which are held by a large group of people and which are connected to wider structures of power.' This one is closer than (a) because it recognizes large-group beliefs and their link to power structures. However, it still narrows the scope by omitting the aspect that ideologies pertain to social action, and it uses 'only' which may exclude the action-oriented dimension emphasized in many theoretical framings of ideology.
Option c: 'Ideology was defined in the lecture as focusing on investigating the role of government policies, regulations, and censorship in shaping media content.' This option shifts the focus to policy analysis and media control, which is a specific application area rather than a general definition of ideology. It misstates the broad scope of ideology by anchoring it to governance and censorship, rather than to systems of thought connected to social action and power.
Option d: 'Ideology was defined in the lecture as systems of thought or belief which pertain to social action, are held by a large group of people, and which connect to wider structures of power.' This option integrates all essential elements: it frames ideology as systemic thought or belief, emphasizes its linkage to social action, acknowledges that it is held by many people, and connects these beliefs to broader power structures. Each component aligns with common scholarly definitions that tie ideology to practices, collective adherence, and structural power relations.
In summary, option d provides a comprehensive and nuanced definition that captures the social-action orientation, collective ownership, and connection to power structures that are typically highlighted in academic treatments of ideology, while the other options omit or overly narrow one or more of these crucial aspects.

2025 T2 DP DPHU1007 MEDA1307 Media, Society and Politics

How was 'Ideology' defined in the lecture:

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