Question at position 24 Imagine that you were a participant in Sperling's classic study on iconic memory. Why aren't you able to identify all the letters presented on the screen?They weren't presented audibly.They are presented too briefly for you to identify them.They weren't distinctive enough.The font size was too small.The font color interfered with processing.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To analyze why you can’t identify all the letters in Sperling’s iconic memory study, we need to assess each option in light of the classic findings and the experimental design.
Option 1: 'They weren't presented audibly.' Sperling’s task used visual briefly flashed arrays of letters, not auditory stimuli. The question hinges on the visual presentation and the sensory memory trace, so this statement mischaracterizes the method and is irrelevant to the limitation observed.
Option 2: 'They are presented too briefly for you to identify them.' This aligns with the core result of Sperling’s work: the brief exposure creates a rapidly decaying visual memory trace (iconic memory) that fades before full report is possible, limiting identifying all letters after a single display.
Option 3: 'They weren't distinctive enough.' While some confusion or similarity among letters could hinder identification, the critical finding is about the temporal decay of the memory trace, not about indistinctness of the stimuli. The basic encounter was with clear letters, yet accuracy was limited by duration and cue timing.
Option 4: 'The font size was too small.' The stimuli were designed to be clearly visible within a brief flash; the limitation was not due to legibility or size, but the ephemeral nature of the iconic memory trace that does not persist long enough for full report.
Option 5: 'The font color interfered with processing.' Sperling’s experiments typically used uniform visibilities and did not rely on color interference as a central factor; color differences were not the key variable affecting the ability to report all letters from the brief display.
In summary, among the choices, the most accurate explanation centers on the fleeting presentation duration of the stimulus and the rapid decay of the iconic memory trace, which impairs full identification when the display is brief and citation or reporting is delayed. The other options introduce factors (auditory modality, indistinctness, font size, color interference) that are not the primary reason Sperling found for incomplete identification of all letters.

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