Which of the following statements can in principle be tested by scientific experiment(s)? (Select all that apply)

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which statements, in principle, can be tested by scientific experiments. Here, we consider each candidate claim.
Option 1: "The locations of the Sun and planets among the constellations at your birth predict your personality and health." This is a testable claim in principle because it makes a falsifiable prediction about a potential relationship between celestial positions and individual traits. A study could be designed to test whether there are statistically significant associations between birth chart positions and measured personality traits or health outcomes. While many researchers doubt such a relationship and observational results may be confounded, the claim is not logically untestable; it could be examined with data collection, preregistered analyses, and replication attempts.
Option 2: "Childhood vaccinations do not affect the rate of autism." This is a clear, testable null hypothesis about a potential causal effect of vaccination on autism incidence. It can be evaluated with epidemiological studies (e.g., cohort or case-control designs), data on vaccination exposure, autism diagnoses, and appropriate controls for confounding factors. If well-designed, such studies can reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, contributing to evidence about whether a relationship exists.
In both cases, the statements describe propositions that could be investigated using empirical data, statistical analysis, and controlled study designs. The key is that being testable does not imply that the hypothesis is true or supported by evidence; it simply means it is possible to collect data and assess it scientifically.

EARTHSC 2205 SP2025 (19389) Copernican Quiz

Which of the following statements can in principle be tested by scientific experiment(s)? (Select all that apply)

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