Which of Hill’s causal considerations is best represented by a baby being born with a cleft palate from a women who binged drank between her first and second months of pregnancy?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of Hill’s causal considerations is best represented by a baby being born with a cleft palate from a woman who binged drank between her first and second months of pregnancy?

Option 1: Consistency. This criterion refers to whether the observed association is repeatedly observed across different studies, populations, and circumstances. While consistency strengthens evidence, the specific example given emphasizes a biological mechanism rather than replication across studies.

Option 2: Biological plausibility. This criterion asks whether the observed association makes sense given current biological or pathophysiological knowledge. A cleft palate can plausibly result from alcohol exposure during the critical early weeks of craniofacial development, so the scenario directly reflects a plausible biological mechanism linking exposure to outcome.

Option 3: Biological gradient/dose response. This criterion concerns whether greater exposure leads to greater effect. In the example, a binge during a sensitive window might increase risk, but the prompt does not quantify dose or demonstrate a dose–response pattern; the core point is the plausibility of a link rather than a demonstrated gradient.

Option 4: None of these. Since one Hill criterion is indeed illustrated by the example, this option is incorrect.

Option 5: Experiment/Reversibility. This criterion relates to whether removing exposure changes the outcome or reverses the effect. The scenario is observational and does not address reversibility or experimental manipulation, making this less applicable.

In summary, although consistency and dose–response are relevant in broader causal assessment, the most direct fit for the given scenario—linking a specific exposure window to a plausible birth defect using current biological understanding—is biological plausibility.

ETX 010 001 SQ 2025 Midterm Exam 2

Which of Hill’s causal considerations is best represented by a baby being born with a cleft palate from a women who binged drank between her first and second months of pregnancy?

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